<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Articles JournalTitle="Journal of Food Safety and Hygiene">
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Journal of Food Safety and Hygiene</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>2476-3241</Issn>
      <Volume>0</Volume>
      <Issue>0</Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
        <Year>2026</Year>
        <Month>10</Month>
        <Day>21</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <title locale="en_US">Measurement of bisphenol A in non-alcoholic malt beverages by the MSPE/GC-MS  technique: A risk assessment study</title>
    <FirstPage>630</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>630</LastPage>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Hossein</FirstName>
        <LastName>Khirandish</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Food Hygiene, Am. C., Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran.</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Seyed-Ahmad</FirstName>
        <LastName>Shahidi</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Food Science and Technology, Am. C., Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran.</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Nabi</FirstName>
        <LastName>Shariatifar</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,  Iran.</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Azadeh</FirstName>
        <LastName>Ghorbani-HasanSaraei</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Food Science and Technology, Am. C., Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran.</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Mahdi</FirstName>
        <LastName>Sharifi  Soltani</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Food Hygiene, Cha. C., Islamic Azad University, Chaloos , Iran.</affiliation>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2026</Year>
        <Month>09</Month>
        <Day>14</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <abstract locale="en_US">The goal of this research was to assess the level of Bisphenol A (BPA) in samples of non-alcoholic 
malt beverage using the technique of MSPE/GC-MS (magnetic graphene solid-phase extraction/gas 
chromatography-mass spectrometry). Results revealed that the mean &#xB1; standard deviation (min
max) of BPA in all samples was 2.41 &#xB1; 0.60 &#xB5;g/L (1.08 - 4.25 &#xB5;g/L). As the data show, the BPA 
content in non-alcoholic malt beverages was upper than the standard level of EU (European Union) 
(the new EU standard level, no amount of bisphenol A is allowed in food). The maximum average 
of BPA was in the 330 mL (Can) volume (2.53 &#xB1; 0.53 &#xB5;g/L) and the minimum average was in the 
1000 mL (PET) volume (2.30 &#xB1; 0.47 &#xB5;g/L). The maximum average of BPA was in samples stored 
at 27&#xB0;C (2.47 &#xB1; 0.53 &#xB5;g/L) and the minimum average was in samples stored at 7&#xB0;C (2.35 &#xB1; 0.57 
&#xB5;g/L). The contamination level increased slightly over time, with the highest mean BPA observed 
in samples close to the expiration date (2.53 &#xB1; 0.63 &#xB5;g/L) and the lowest mean in samples close to 
the production date (2.15 &#xB1; 0.47 &#xB5;g/L). The 95th percentile chronic daily intake (CDI) values of 
BPA in non-alcoholic malt beverages for children, adolescents, and adults were 3.64E-6, 1.61E-6, 
and 1.05E-6 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. The 95th percentile target hazard quotient (THQ) values 
for children, adolescents, and adults were 1.92E+1, 8.63E+0, and 5.48E+0, respectively, all of which 
exceeded the acceptable threshold of 1, demonstrating potential non-carcinogenic risks of human 
health. Based on the study's findings, it can be concluded that&#x2014;given the risks associated with this 
compound in Iranian beverages&#x2014;further investigation and enhanced monitoring are essential</abstract>
    <web_url>https://jfsh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfsh/article/view/630</web_url>
  </Article>
</Articles>
