<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Articles JournalTitle="Journal of Food Safety and Hygiene">
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Journal of Food Safety and Hygiene</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>2476-3241</Issn>
      <Volume>7</Volume>
      <Issue>2</Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
        <Year>2022</Year>
        <Month>01</Month>
        <Day>13</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <title locale="en_US">Assessment and chemical analysis of macro elements, heavy metals, proximate compositions and pesticides contamination on rice cultivated from Kura LGA, Kano, Nigeria</title>
    <FirstPage>77</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>85</LastPage>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Aminuddeen</FirstName>
        <LastName>Abdu</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Integrated Science, Federal College of Education, Kano, Nigeria.</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Rahanatu</FirstName>
        <LastName>Kakudi</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Integrated Science, Federal College of Education, Kano, Nigeria.</affiliation>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2021</Year>
        <Month>10</Month>
        <Day>07</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <PubDate PubStatus="accepted">
        <Year>2021</Year>
        <Month>12</Month>
        <Day>29</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <abstract locale="en_US">Six rice brands BG-213, Notore, Das, Kwandala, Jeep and Jamila brands were collected from
various locations in Kura local government area of Kano, Nigeria. Rice brands were analyzed for
proximate compositions, macro elements, heavy metals and pesticides using standard analytical
techniques. Results of proximate compositions analyses indicate that the average mean value of
moisture content, crude protein, crude fat, ash content and crude fiber in rice brands were; 10.27,
9.17 3.82, 1.93 and 0.34 % respectively. The average mean concentrations of macro elements
(Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg)) are; 53.5 mg/kg and 46 mg/kg, while mean levels of Heavy
Metals: Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were;
11.87, 4.04, 0.06, 0.00, 0.044 and 0.00 mg/kg respectively. Pearson Correlation Coefficient analysis
performed on rice brands using MATLAB student version VI software shows results of macro
elements and heavy metals were at a significant level of p&#x2265;0.05. The GC/MS analysis of
organochlorine pesticides in rice brands revealed that the level of pesticides was below the detection
limit (BDL) this indicates that brands of rice obtained from the Kura local government area were
safe and free from heavy metals and pesticides contamination could be attributed to restriction or
regulation for compliance on the application and economy because most of these pesticides are very
costly.</abstract>
    <web_url>https://jfsh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfsh/article/view/331</web_url>
    <pdf_url>https://jfsh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfsh/article/download/331/166</pdf_url>
  </Article>
</Articles>
